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Relatórios técnicos

Título	Exposure of the General Public to Radio Waves near Microcell and Picocell Base Stations for Mobile Telecommunications
Resumo	This document reports on the exposure assessment of the general public to radio waves transmitted by microcell and picocell base stations for mobile telecommunications through theoretical and experimental means. More generally, exposures to radio waves transmitted over a range of frequencies in the VHF and UHF bands by a variety of sources have also been investigated experimentally.
Fonte	Health Protection Agency - National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)
Origem	Cooper et al.
Autor/Editor	NRPB
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	NRPB - W62
Data	Setembro 2004

Título	Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation from GSM and UMTS Base Station Antennas
Resumo	This paper discusses existing processes for measurement of GSM and UMTS signal strength on different scenarios, regarding base stations compliance evaluation with radiation exposure limits. Recommendations to minimise exposure from base station antennas radiation are also established. Propagation models are used and their importance to base stations security evaluation is analysed. A measurement campaign to collect real data from base stations in Lisbon area is described. A specific measurement protocol was developed. Radiation reference levels established by international bodies were never exceeded on the analysed base stations. The worst-case detected was 13.58 dB below security limits established by CENELEC and adopted by the European Union Council. Nevertheless, in general, the measured situations were at least 22.4 dB below the limits. Scenarios where the difference between measurements and limits is lower are exposure on buildings rooftops with base stations and indoor installations.
Fonte	Proc. of COST 281 Workshop on Mobile Phone Base Stations and Health (Dublin, Ireland)
Origem	Portugal
Autor/Editor	Carla Oliveira, Gonçalo Carpinteiro, Luis M. Correia
Disponibilidade	Consultar o website www.cost281.org
Link	cost281.org
Referência
Data	Maio 2003

Título	Exposure to radio waves near mobile phone base stations
Resumo	This NRPB report reflects understanding and evaluation of the current scientific evidence on exposure to radio waves coming from mobile phone base stations. The objectives of this report are to provide factual information about exposure and to clarify further the basis for NRPB scientific position. It gives an overview on base station characteristics, national and international exposure guidelines, measurement equipments and surveying procedures. Results of exposure assessments carried out at 17 sites near mobile phone base stations are presented and discussed.
Fonte	National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)
Origem	Reino Unido
Autor/Editor	Mann et al.
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	NRPB - R321
Data	Junho 2000

Título	Guidance on Complying With Limits For Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
Resumo	This Recommendation aims to help with compliance of telecommunication installations and mobile handsets or other radiating devices used against the head with safety limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). It presents general guidance, a calculation method, and an installation assessment procedure. The assessment procedure for telecommunication installations, based on safety limits provided by ICNIRP, helps users determine the likelihood of installation compliance based on accessibility criteria, antenna properties and emitter power. The IEC Standard for the compliance measurement of mobile handsets is recommended.
Fonte	Telecommunication Standardization Sector of International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T)
Origem	Internacional
Autor/Editor	ITU-T Study Group 5
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	ITU-T Recommendation K.52
Data	Agosto 2014

Título	Levels of Radiofrequency Radiation from GSM Mobile Telephone Base Stations
Resumo	This report presents field survey measurements data and provides information on the levels of radiofrequency (RF) radiation to which members of the public may be exposed from mobile telephone base stations. The measured RF electromagnetic energy (EME) levels are compared with the maximum permitted limit for non-occupational exposure with respect to the Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation Human Exposure) Standard 1999 which specifies a maximum non-occupational exposure limit of 2 W/m2 (equivalent to 200 μW/cm2) at relevant base station frequencies. Although the focus of the survey was on measuring the RF EME emission levels from the digital Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), the environmental RF EME measurement component of the project involved investigating the EME levels from other sources, including the analog Advance Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), VHF TV, UHF TV, AM radio, FM radio and Paging. The results clearly demonstrate that the RF EME emissions from GSM base stations are several orders of magnitude below the maximum permitted limit. A worst case RF EME power flux density prediction, based on our measurements from GSM base stations, is 0.178 μW/cm2 (the 200 μW/cm2 limit of power flux density is at least 1,000 times this predicted value). However, the average RF exposure level from GSM base stations is considerably less, at 0.0016 μW/cm2 (the 200 μW/cm2 limit of power flux density is at least 100,000 times this average value). Measurements of the fixed site environmental RF EME power flux density levels indicate that, relative to the maximum exposure limit permitted in the standard, after adjusting the exposure limit with respect to the frequency of the signal, the highest environmental RF exposure was FM radio (0.0259 μW/cm2), with the 200 μW/cm2 limit of power flux density at least 7,000 times this value.
Fonte	Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA)
Origem	Austrália
Autor/Editor	Line et al.
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	Technical Report 129
Data	Janeiro 2000

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