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Interferência e Compatibilidade Eletromagnética

Título	Implants for surgery - Active implantable medical devices - Part 1: General requirements for safety, marking and for information to be provided by the manufacturer
Resumo	This part 1 of EN 45502 specifies requirements that are generally applicable to active implantable medical devices. For particular types of active implantable medical devices, these essential requirements are supplemented or modified by the requirements of particular standards which form additional parts of this European Standard. The tests that are specified in EN 45502 are type tests and are to be carried out on samples of a device to show compliance. This part of EN 45502 is applicable not only to active implantable medical devices that are electrically powered but also to those powered by other energy sources (for example by gas pressure or by springs). This part of EN 45502 is also applicable to some non-implantable parts and accessories of the devices. The device that is commonly referred to as an active implantable medical device may in fact be a single device, a combination of devices, or a combination of a device or devices and one or more accessories. Not all of these parts are required to be either partially or totally implantable, but there is a need to specify some requirements of non-implantable parts and accessories if they could affect the safety or performance of the implantable device. The terminology used in this European Standard is intended to be consistent with the terminology of Directive 90/385/EEC.
Fonte	European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)
Origem	Internacional
Autor/Editor	IEC Sub-Committee 62D
Disponibilidade	Disponível por encomenda
Link	cenelec.eu
Referência	EN 45502-1:2015
Data	Maio 2015

Título	Medical electrical equipment: Part 1-2: General requirements for safety - Collateral standard: Electromagnetic disturbances - Requirements and tests
Resumo	Specifies requirements and tests for electromagnetic compatibility of medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems and serves as the basis of electromagnetic compatibility requirements and tests in Particular Standards. The existence of electromagnetic emission requirements is essential for the protection of: - safety services; - other medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems; - non-medical electrical equipment (e.g. computers); - telecommunications (e.g. radio/TV, telephone, radio-navigation). The existence of electromagnetic immunity requirements is essential to assure safety of equipment and systems. The immunity test levels specified in this standard (EN 60601 test levels) represent the range found in the general medical use environment.
Fonte	International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) / International Organization for Standardization (isso)
Origem	Internacional
Autor/Editor	IEC Technical Sub-Committee 62A
Disponibilidade	Disponível por encomenda
Link	iec.ch
Referência	IEC/EN 60601-1-2
Data	Fevereiro 2014

Título	Radiofrequency Interference with Medical Devices
Resumo	The past few years have seen increased reports that medical devices, such as pacemakers, apnea monitors, electrically powered wheelchairs, etc., have failed to operate correctly because of interference from various emitters of radiofrequency energy. This condition is called radiofrequency interference (RFI). The consequences of these failures range from inconvenience to serious injuries and death. Reasons for this problem are twofold: 1) increasing numbers of electronically controlled medical devices with inadequate electronic protection against RFI, and 2) a significant increase in the number of RF sources in the environment. Medical devices are widely used outside the hospital and may be attached to, or implanted in, patients. Portable wireless communications equipment, including cellular phones, handheld transceivers, and vehicle mounted transceivers, comprise one of the largest sources of RFI. Some medical devices are especially sensitive to the type of digital modulation that some of the wireless communications devices utilize. (...) COMAR recommends that the various parties involved in the manufacture and use of RFI prone medical devices take steps to avoid serious RFI problems that may lead to safety hazards. Medical device manufacturers should design and test their products to ensure conformance with current RFI standards and educate the users of their devices about the possible symptoms of potential RFI. If there exists the possibility of RFI problems to medical devices, steps should be taken to ensure that all sources of RF energy be kept at a sufficient distance.
Fonte	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR)
Origem	Estados Unidos da América
Autor/Editor	IEEE - COMAR
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Disponível online
Referência
Data	Janeiro 1998

Título	Sistemas de Comunicações Móveis - Interferência com dispositivos médicos em unidades de saúde
Resumo	Circular informativa da Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS), produzida pela Divisão de Saúde Ambiental e destinada a todos os serviços de saúde. Transmite orientações às unidades de saúde, essenciais para minimizar o risco de interferência com os dispositivos médicos que oferecem maior sensibilidade.
Fonte	Direcção-Geral da Saúde (DGS)
Origem	Portugal
Autor/Editor	DGS
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	Circular Informativa nº 26/DSA de 02/06/2006
Data	Junho 2006

Título	Sistemas de Comunicações Móveis: Interferência e Compatibilidade Eletromagnética
Resumo	Neste documento analisa-se a temática da interferência e compatibilidade eletromagnética dos sistemas de comunicações móveis com outros dispositivos. A análise efetuada abrange vários cenários, nomeadamente, ambientes hospitalares, ambiente doméstico, aviões e automóveis, entre outros.
Fonte	Projecto monIT
Origem	Portugal
Autor/Editor	Carla Oliveira, Luís M. Correia
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	monIT_Ext_Tec_0658_04_ReportCEM
Data	Novembro 2008

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