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Interferência e Compatibilidade Eletromagnética

Título	American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communication Devices and Hearing Aids
Resumo	This standard applies to both wireless communications devices (WD) and hearing aids. It sets forth uniform methods of measurement and parametric requirements for the electromagnetic and operational compatibility and accessibility of hearing aids used with wireless communications devices, including cordless, cellular, and Personal Communications Service (PCS) phones, operating in the range of 800 MHz to 3 GHz. However, this version is focused on existing services, which are in common use. Accordingly, in this version tests are provided for services in the 800-950 MHz and 1.6-2.0 GHz frequency bands.
Fonte	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Origem	Estados Unidos da América
Autor/Editor	IEEE - Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility
Disponibilidade	Disponível por encomenda
Link	ieeexplore.ieee.org
Referência	ANSI C63.19-2001
Data	Outubro 2001

Título	American National Standard recommended practice for an on-site, ad hoc test method for estimating radiated electromagnetic immunity of medical devices to specific radio-frequency transmitters
Resumo	Guidance is provided for health-care organizations in evaluating the radiated RF electromagnetic immunity of their existing inventories of medical devices to their existing inventories of RF transmitters, as well as to RF transmitters that are commonly available. This recommended practice can also be used for newly purchased medical devices and RF transmitters, as well as for pre-purchase evaluation. It applies to medical devices used in health-care facilities and to portable transmitters with a rated power output of 8 W or less. It does not apply to implantable medical devices, transport environments such as ambulances and helicopters, or to RF transmitters rated at more than 8 W.
Fonte	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (SCC39)
Origem	Estados Unidos da América
Autor/Editor	IEEE - Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility
Disponibilidade	Disponível por encomenda
Link	ieeexplore.ieee.org
Referência	ANSI C63.18-1997
Data	Dezembro 1997

Título	Diretiva 2004/108/CE, de 31 de Dezembro de 2004
Resumo	A presente diretiva regulamenta a compatibilidade eletromagnética dos equipamentos e tem como objetivo assegurar o funcionamento do mercado interno, exigindo que os equipamentos cumpram um nível adequado de compatibilidade eletromagnética.
Fonte	Conselho da União Europeia/Parlamento Europeu
Origem	Europa
Autor/Editor	Conselho da União Europeia/Parlamento Europeu
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias, L 390/24 de 31/12/2004 (2004/108/CE)
Data	Dezembro 2004

Título	Electromagnetic Compatibility of Medical Devices with Mobile Communications
Resumo	The compatibility of mobile communication equipment with medical devices is an area where much published information and guidance is conflicting. We have hence organised a large study, based on research conducted at 18 locations including hospitals and MDA evaluation centres. Data were gathered for 178 different models of medical device using a wide range of radio handsets. Overall, in 23% of tests medical devices suffered electromagnetic interference (EMI) from handsets. 43% of these interference incidents would have had a direct impact on patient care, and were rated as serious.
Fonte	Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
Origem	Reino Unido
Autor/Editor	Medical Devices Agency (MDA)
Disponibilidade	Disponível por encomenda
Link	http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
Referência	DB 9702
Data	Março 1997

Título	Emergency service radios and mobile data terminals: compatibility problems with medical devices
Resumo	This device bulletin covers the impact of radio communications on the safe use of medical devices (including pacemakers implanted in patients) both inside ambulances and at the scene of an accident in the vicinity of emergency vehicles. It extends the guidance in DB9702 "Electromagnetic compatibility of medical devices with mobile communications". We also consider the possible risks to devices within healthcare facilities, both when emergency vehicles are parked nearby and when mobile data terminals are in use. The latter are transmitting devices which send and receive text messages, and are frequently used by servicing personnel.
Fonte	Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
Origem	Reino Unido
Autor/Editor	Medical Devices Agency (MDA)
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	DB 1999(02)
Data	Maio 1999

Título	Implants for surgery - Active implantable medical devices - Part 1: General requirements for safety, marking and for information to be provided by the manufacturer
Resumo	This part 1 of EN 45502 specifies requirements that are generally applicable to active implantable medical devices. For particular types of active implantable medical devices, these essential requirements are supplemented or modified by the requirements of particular standards which form additional parts of this European Standard. The tests that are specified in EN 45502 are type tests and are to be carried out on samples of a device to show compliance. This part of EN 45502 is applicable not only to active implantable medical devices that are electrically powered but also to those powered by other energy sources (for example by gas pressure or by springs). This part of EN 45502 is also applicable to some non-implantable parts and accessories of the devices. The device that is commonly referred to as an active implantable medical device may in fact be a single device, a combination of devices, or a combination of a device or devices and one or more accessories. Not all of these parts are required to be either partially or totally implantable, but there is a need to specify some requirements of non-implantable parts and accessories if they could affect the safety or performance of the implantable device. The terminology used in this European Standard is intended to be consistent with the terminology of Directive 90/385/EEC.
Fonte	European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)
Origem	Internacional
Autor/Editor	IEC Sub-Committee 62D
Disponibilidade	Disponível por encomenda
Link	cenelec.eu
Referência	EN 45502-1:2015
Data	Maio 2015

Título	Medical electrical equipment: Part 1-2: General requirements for safety - Collateral standard: Electromagnetic disturbances - Requirements and tests
Resumo	Specifies requirements and tests for electromagnetic compatibility of medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems and serves as the basis of electromagnetic compatibility requirements and tests in Particular Standards. The existence of electromagnetic emission requirements is essential for the protection of: - safety services; - other medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems; - non-medical electrical equipment (e.g. computers); - telecommunications (e.g. radio/TV, telephone, radio-navigation). The existence of electromagnetic immunity requirements is essential to assure safety of equipment and systems. The immunity test levels specified in this standard (EN 60601 test levels) represent the range found in the general medical use environment.
Fonte	International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) / International Organization for Standardization (isso)
Origem	Internacional
Autor/Editor	IEC Technical Sub-Committee 62A
Disponibilidade	Disponível por encomenda
Link	iec.ch
Referência	IEC/EN 60601-1-2
Data	Fevereiro 2014

Título	Radiofrequency Interference with Medical Devices
Resumo	The past few years have seen increased reports that medical devices, such as pacemakers, apnea monitors, electrically powered wheelchairs, etc., have failed to operate correctly because of interference from various emitters of radiofrequency energy. This condition is called radiofrequency interference (RFI). The consequences of these failures range from inconvenience to serious injuries and death. Reasons for this problem are twofold: 1) increasing numbers of electronically controlled medical devices with inadequate electronic protection against RFI, and 2) a significant increase in the number of RF sources in the environment. Medical devices are widely used outside the hospital and may be attached to, or implanted in, patients. Portable wireless communications equipment, including cellular phones, handheld transceivers, and vehicle mounted transceivers, comprise one of the largest sources of RFI. Some medical devices are especially sensitive to the type of digital modulation that some of the wireless communications devices utilize. (...) COMAR recommends that the various parties involved in the manufacture and use of RFI prone medical devices take steps to avoid serious RFI problems that may lead to safety hazards. Medical device manufacturers should design and test their products to ensure conformance with current RFI standards and educate the users of their devices about the possible symptoms of potential RFI. If there exists the possibility of RFI problems to medical devices, steps should be taken to ensure that all sources of RF energy be kept at a sufficient distance.
Fonte	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR)
Origem	Estados Unidos da América
Autor/Editor	IEEE - COMAR
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Disponível online
Referência
Data	Janeiro 1998

Título	Sistemas de Comunicações Móveis - Interferência com dispositivos médicos em unidades de saúde
Resumo	Circular informativa da Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS), produzida pela Divisão de Saúde Ambiental e destinada a todos os serviços de saúde. Transmite orientações às unidades de saúde, essenciais para minimizar o risco de interferência com os dispositivos médicos que oferecem maior sensibilidade.
Fonte	Direcção-Geral da Saúde (DGS)
Origem	Portugal
Autor/Editor	DGS
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	Circular Informativa nº 26/DSA de 02/06/2006
Data	Junho 2006

Título	Sistemas de Comunicações Móveis: Interferência e Compatibilidade Eletromagnética
Resumo	Neste documento analisa-se a temática da interferência e compatibilidade eletromagnética dos sistemas de comunicações móveis com outros dispositivos. A análise efetuada abrange vários cenários, nomeadamente, ambientes hospitalares, ambiente doméstico, aviões e automóveis, entre outros.
Fonte	Projecto monIT
Origem	Portugal
Autor/Editor	Carla Oliveira, Luís M. Correia
Disponibilidade	Disponível online
Link	Documento PDF
Referência	monIT_Ext_Tec_0658_04_ReportCEM
Data	Novembro 2008

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